Solar energy in Rotterdam, Netherlands
Average irradiation 3.02 kWh/m²/day · ~882 kWh per kWp per year
Monthly solar irradiation & temperature in Rotterdam (NASA POWER)
| Month | Irradiation (kWh/m²/day) | Avg temp (°C) | Est. production per kWp (kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.77 | 3.8 | 19 |
| Feb | 1.46 | 3.9 | 36 |
| Mar | 2.72 | 5.8 | 66 |
| Apr | 4.31 | 9.2 | 105 |
| May | 5.13 | 12.7 | 125 |
| Jun | 5.48 | 15.8 | 133 |
| Jul | 5.25 | 18.1 | 128 |
| Aug | 4.42 | 18.3 | 107 |
| Sep | 3.29 | 15.8 | 80 |
| Oct | 1.90 | 12.1 | 46 |
| Nov | 0.92 | 8.1 | 22 |
| Dec | 0.59 | 5.0 | 14 |
Solar potential of Rotterdam explained
Rotterdam receives an average of 3.02 kilowatt-hours of solar energy per square metre per day, measured over four decades of satellite observation. In practical terms, every kilowatt-peak of installed PV capacity yields about 882 kWh of electricity per year here, assuming a well-oriented system with a typical 80% performance ratio. While winters are dark, modern panel prices mean solar can still be economical — self-consumption value matters more than raw sunshine here.
Frequently asked questions
Is solar worth it in Rotterdam?
With 3.02 kWh/m²/day of average irradiation, a 1 kWp system in Rotterdam produces roughly 882 kWh per year. That is a moderate solar resource; economics depend more on local electricity prices and incentives, which our AI planner can research for you.
How much electricity would a 5 kW system produce in Rotterdam?
Approximately 4,000 kWh per year — enough to cover a large share of a typical household's consumption.
What data is this based on?
Long-term satellite observations from NASA POWER (1981–present) and the PVGIS SARAH3 database, assuming a performance ratio of 80%.
Compare with nearby cities
London (2.6) · Paris (3.2) · Berlin (2.9) · Munich (3.3) · Madrid (4.8) · Barcelona (4.6) · all cities →